UNIVERSALS LINGUISTICS

 






A linguistic universal is a statement that is true for all natural languages, that is, the property shared by most of the known languages
There are 2 types of linguistic universals: relative and trends







Phonological Linguistic

Different languages may have very different sets of vowels. If you are familiar with a few foreign languages, you may find it difficult to believe there are universal rules governing the distribution of vowels, but they do exist. Remember our example of basic color terms: A similar pattern could be drawn on the basis of the vowel system. Languages with few vowels always have the same set of vowel types. And if a language has more vowels, it is always the same type of vowel that is added to the set. These vowels may not always sound exactly the same, but they are always created at the same location in our vocal apparatus. (Sapkota’s Blog:, 2010)



Syntactic Linguistic

Based on (Asgari, 2012) Hmhm, cannot be a universal rule, since you know other sentences from English and possibly from other languages which do not follow this order. The order subject, verb, object (SVO) may be defined as the basic order of English sentences. Other languages have different "basic" orders, such as Japanese (SOV) or Tongan (VSO), a Polynesian language. The study shows that, one can define two different sets of basic orders that languages follow: First SVO, VSO, SOV and second VOS, OVS, OSV



Absolute universals Linguistic

which are general statements, little known independent of particular conditions present in languages

 Implicative universal Linguistic

Is described to all languages with an explicit characteristic.





Semantic Linguistic

Semantics Universal faces diverse kinds of scientific study. (Zaefferer, 2019) Semantics relates the mode natural languages express meanings. Meanings of complex phrases and sentences arise compositionally from the meanings of their parts (down to the smallest meaning-bearing elements: morphemes).




 REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Asgari, A. (2012). Linguistics for Beginners.

Zaefferer, D. (2019). Semantic Universals and Universal Semantics. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. doi:10.1515/9783110870527

Sapkota’s Blog:, E. (2010, February 28). SAPKOTA’S BLOG: Brush Up Your English Skills: Linguistic Universals/ for M.Ed. Retrieved March 13, 2021, from SAPKOTA’S BLOG website: https://ashoksapkota.blogspot.com/2010/02/linguistic-universals-for-med.html


TYP111 - Language Universals [YouTube Video]. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nLL9CVGGM4




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